The number in English grammar is the very essential topic of English grammar. The number always represents the count of the things. If the noun is single then it is taken as a singular number or in the case of more than one considered as a plural number. We generally prefer s or es to form a plural noun. In this article, we shall be discussing some crucial and valid points of the plural form of the noun. I will let you know of some exceptions. In the case of exception, s or es both are avoided to form the plural of a noun
Table of Contents
NUMBER (वचन )
There are two kinds of Number
Singular Number – यदि noun की संख्या एक हो तो उसे singular number कहा जाता है।
Examples: a mouse, a book, a pen e.t.c
Plural Number – यदि noun की संख्या एक से ज्यादा हो तो उसे plural number कहा जाता है।
Examples: Boys, Cats, Dogs e.t.c.
Note: Proper, Abstract और material noun हमेशा singular होते है।
- Proper Noun – Ram, Geeta, Ganga e.t.c
- Material Noun – Oil, water, Ghee e.t.c
- Abstract Noun – Height, Honesty, Childhood
Singular से Plural बनाने के कुछ मत्वपूर्ण नियम :
1.Singular Common Noun में सामान्यतः s जोड़कर plural बनाया जाता है।
Structure: Singular Noun + S – Plural Noun
Examples:
Singular Plural
Boy Boys
Girl Girls
Cow Cows
Flat Flats
Shirt Shirts
Horse Horses
Pen Pens
Chair Chairs
2) यदि किसी Singular Common Noun के अंत में s ,ss ch , sh , x और z हो तो उस Noun का Plural es लगाकर बनाया जाता है।
Structure:
Singular common noun + Ending letter (s , ss, ch, sh, x ,z ) + es -Plural common noun
Examples:
Singular Plural
Bus- Buses
Tax Taxes
Glass Glasses
Quiz Quizzes
Branch Branches
Class Classes
Topaz Topazes
Watch Watches
Bench Benches
Exceptions:
Singular common noun + Ending with ch( क ) + s -Plural Common noun.
Examples:
Singular Plural
Stomach Stomachs
Epoch Epochs
Monarch Monarchs
Conch Conchs
3) यदि किसी singular common noun का अंतिम अक्षर ‘y’ हो और y के पहले consonant letter तो उस ‘y’ को हटाकर ies लगाकर Plural बनाया जाता है।
Structure :
Singular common noun ( last letter ‘y’) + consonant before y ( remove ‘y’) + ies – Plural common noun
Examples:
Singular Plural
Army Armies
Lady Ladies
City Cities
Secretary Secretaries
Lily Lilies
Nursery Nurseries
Salary Salaries
Story Stories
Baby Babies
Duty Duties
Exception:
4)y के पहले vowel हो तो सिर्फ s लगेगा।
Structure: vowel before y + s –Plural countable noun
Examples :
Singular Plural
Play Plays
Toy Toys
Valley Valleys
Boy Boys
Day Days
Key Keys
Donkey Donkeys
Storey Storeys
Journey Journeys
Bay Bays
5)यदि किसी Singular Common Noun के अंतिम दो अक्षर oo, eo yo or io हो और उसके पहले Consonant हो तो उसका Plural S लगाकर बनाया जाता है।
Structure:
Singular Common Noun (oo, eo, yo or io) + Consonant+ S – Plural Common Noun
Examples:
Singular Plural
Bamboo Bamboos
Studio Studios
Curio (कलाकृति ) Curios
Scenario (दृशेलेख) Scenarios
Video Videos
Ratio Ratios
Radio Radios
Portfolio Portfolios
Cameo Cameos
Cuckoo Cuckoos
Note: यदि किसी Singular Common Noun के अंत में सिर्फ O हो और उसके पहले Consonant हो तो es लगाकर Plural बनाया जाता है।
Structure:
Singular Common Noun + O + Consonant+ es – Plural Common Noun
Examples:
Singular Plural
Mango Mangoes
Potato Potatoes
Buffalo Buffaloes
Mosquito Mosquitoes
Hero Heroes
Tomato Tomatoes
Flamingo Flamingoes
Echo Echoes
Veto (प्रतिनिषेध) Vetoes
Manifesto (घोषणा पत्र) Manifestoes
Exceptions:
Singular Plural
Photo Photos
Quarto (आठ पेज) Quartos
Maestro Maestros
Proviso (Rule) Provisos
Piano Pianos
Kilo Kilos
Solo (Single) Solos
Canto (कविता खंड) Cantos
Dynamo ( जोशीला व्यक्ति ) Dynamos
Embryo (अविकसित ) Embryos
Commando Commandos
Concerto (Solid) Concertos
Some more exceptions: (s and es both)
Examples:
Singular Plural
Cargo (Goods in ship) Cargos/ Cargoes
Lasso (one type of rope) Lassos/ Lassoes
Portico Porticoes/ Porticos
6)यदि किसी Singular Common Noun के अंत में f or fe हो तो उसे हटाकर ves लगाकर plural बनाया जाता है।
Structure:
Singular Common Noun + f/fe + remove f or fe + add ‘ves’– Plural Common Noun
Examples:
Singular Plural
Knife Knives
Life Lives
Wife Wives
Half Halves
Leaf Leaves
Thief Thieves
Calf Calves
Elf Elves
Loaf Loaves
Shelf Shelves
Exceptions:
Singular Plural
Chief Chiefs
Belief Beliefs
Cliff Cliffs
Dwarf Dwarfs
Grief Griefs
Scarf Scarfs
Gulf Gulfs
Handkerchief Handkerchiefs
Hoof Hoofs
Roof Roofs
Proof Proofs
Mischief Mischiefs
Puff Puffs
Reef Reefs
Staff Staffs
Stuff kinds of Stuff
Turf Turfs
Wharf Wharfs
Strife Strifes
Café Cafes
Safe Safes
Serf Serfs
7)आठ singular Common Nouns ऐसे हैं जिनका Vowel में परिवर्तन करके Plural बनाया जाता है।
Examples:
Singular Plural
Foot Feet
Goose Geese
Man Men
Woman Women
Louse (जूं ) Lice
Mouse Mice
Tooth Teeth
Dormouse (next to a squirrel) Dormice
8)तीन Nouns में en लगाकर Plural बनाया जाता है।
Examples:
Singular Plural
Child Children
Brother Brotheren
Ox Oxen
9)Singular Compound Nouns के मुख्य शब्द में S जोड़कर Plural बनाया
जाता है।
Singular Plural
Commander-in-Chief Commander-in-chiefs
Passer-by Passers-by
Son-in-law Sons-in-law
Daughter-in-law Daughters-in-law
Brother-in-law Brothers-in-law
Father-in-law Fathers-in-law
Step-mother- Step-mothers
Step- sister Step-sisters
Looker-on(दर्शक) Lookers-on
Hanger-on- (अनुचर) Hangers-on
Maid-servant Maid-servants
Coat-of-mail- (कवच ) Coats -of –mail
Court-martial (फौजी अदालत) Courts-martial
Knight-errant (शूरवीर ) Knights-errants
Major General Major Generals
Spend- thrift (पैसा खर्च करना) Spend-thrifts
Pick-pocket (पॉकेट मार) Pick-pockets
Exceptions
Man-servant Men-servants
Comman servant Commen servants
Lord justice Lord justices
Some more exceptions:
Postman Postmen
Milkman- Milkmen
10)कुछ शब्द का plural बिलकुल ही अलग होता है।
Examples:
Singular Plural
Agendum(कार्यक्रम) Agenda
Erratum (छापे खाने का मूल) Errata
Alumnus (भूतप्रूव छात्र) Alumni
Axis Axes
Analysis Analyses
Bacillus Bacilli
Bandit (डाकू) Banditi /Bandits
Bacterium Bacteria
Basis Bases
Criterion (मापदंड) Criteria
Crisis (संकट) Crises
Datum Data
Dictum (सिद्धांत) Dicta
Formula Formulae/ Formulas
Memorandum (स्मृतिपत्र) Memoranda
Phenomenon (प्रक्रिया) Phenomena
Thesis (अभिधारणा) Theses.
Medium Media
Radius Radii
Oasis Oases
Series Series
Species Species
Apparatus Apparatus
Terminus (अंतिम स्टेशन) Termini
Index Indices
Hypothesis Hypotheses
Genius Genii/ Geniuses
Synthesis Syntheses
Appendix (परिशिषट) Appendices
Madam Mesdames
Oasis Oases (हरी भरी रेगिस्तान)
Bureau Bureaus/ Bureaux
Maximum Maxima
Minimum Minima
Momentum(संवेग) Momenta
Album Albums
Premium(बिमा किस्त) Premiums
Museum Museums
Auditorium Auditoriums
Aquarium(मछलीघर) Aquariums/ Aquaria
Curriculum Curriculums /Curricula
Stadium Stadiums
Focus Foci / Focuses
11)कुछ Material Noun ऐसे हैं जिनमे S जोड़ने पर उसका मतलब बदल जाता है।
Force (बल) Forces(सैना)
People( लोग) Peoples(राष्ट्र)
Way(रास्ता) Ways(तरीका)
Water(पानी) Waters(समुन्द्र)
Work(काम) Works(रचनाए)
Good (अच्छा) Goods (सामान)
Advice( सूचना) Advices(सुचाएँ)
Air(हवा) Airs (अहंकार)
Colour(रंग) Colours(झंडा)
Wood (लकड़ी) Woods(जंगल)
Land (जमीन) Lands(देश)
Copper(तांबा) Coppers(ताम्बे का सिक्का)
Iron (लोहा) Irons (हथकड़ी)
Sand(बालू) Sands(मरुस्थल)
Frequent Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is singular number example?
When a countable noun is one in number is said to be a Singular Number.
Examples:
Book, Fan, Mobile, House etc.
Is I singular or plural in grammar?
'I' is singular in nature but it takes always a plural verb because it is always considered plural in use.
Example:
I go to Patna by Train.
I Hope, You all guys have understood clearly the topic, Number in English grammar
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