Tense with Formula, Examples and Usage | 12 Types of Tense with Examples and Formula

Tense is a very important topic of Engish Grammar. Without knowledge of tense, we can’t study voice, narration and many other topics. In fact, It is the backbone of English Grammar. Verb Forms play an important role in Shaping Tense.  Let’s start tense with formulae, examples, and video lectures…

 

Time and Tenses in English 

Time- Time is the universal and non-grammatical term.

There are three types of time

• Present Time
• Past Time
• Future Time

Tense: Tense is nothing but a concept of changing verbs.  (Defined by- Pawan Sir)

The distinction between Time and Tenses in English

 Examples:

 Ambani arrives in Gujrat tomorrow by 6 in the morning.

Time –Future Time

Tense– Simple Present Tense

 Our family is leaving for Deoghar.

Time-Future time

Tense–Present Continuous Tense

 If you sent a parcel to your brother tomorrow he should receive it on Sunday morning.

Time– Future Time

Tense- Simple past tense                                            

 The sun rises in the east.

Time- Present, past, and future

Tense-Simple Present Tense

                              

Examples :

1.वह नाच रहा है। (Present Continuous Tense)

He is dancing.

 2.शुभम स्कूल जाता है। (Simple Present Tense)

Shubham goes to school.

 3.Alia Bhatt  अगली फिल्म शूटिंग  कर  रही होगी। (Future Continuous Tense)

Alia Bhatt will be shooting for the next movie.

 4.नयन पटना पहुंच चूका होगा। (Future Perfect Tense)

Nayan will have reached Patna.

 5.मैं 20 वर्षों से इस विद्यालय में पढ़ रहा हूँ। (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)

I have been studying in this school for twenty years

General Formula:

 Affirmative – S+H.V+M.V+ O

Negative- S+ H.V + NOT + M.V+ O

Interrogative – H.V + S+ M.V +O?

Interrogative + Negative – H.V + S+ NOT+ M.V +O?

 इस formula में subject और tense  के हिसाब से helping और main verb में बदलाव किया जाता है। जैसा की आपने subject -verb -agreement में पढ़ा होगा कि हमलोग singular subject के साथ singular verb और plural subject के साथ plural verb लगाते हैं।

Present Tense

1.1Simple Present Tense

(ता है , ती है , ते हैं)

जब कोई कार्य regular basis पर होता है तो उसे simple  present tense कहा जाता है।

Structure:

Action Formula

Aff-S+v1/v5+o.

Neg- S+do/does+ not+ v1 +O.

Int-Do/does+s +v1+o?

Int+Neg-Do/Does+s+not+v1+o?

I/We/You/you/They- V1=do not

He/she /it/name- V5= does not

Examples:

Aff- I eat a mango

Neg- I do not eat a mango

Int-Do I eat a mango?

Int+neg- Do I not eat a mango?

Aff- He eats a mango

Neg- He does not eat a mango

Int- Does he eat a mango?

Int+Neg- Does he not eat a mango?

 Non- Action Formula

S+ is /am /are +Noun/ Adj.

Examples:  He is a student.

Recognition of Tenses in English

 अगर किसी sentence में Always, often, usually, generally, daily, every day

 दिखे तो उसे simple present tense का sentence माना जाता है।

 Examples:

He always stands first in his class.

He takes exercise every day.

 

1.2 Present Continuous Tense

(रहा है , रही है , रहे हैं)

जब कोई कार्य वर्तमान में  उस वक़्त भी जारी हो जब वक्ता उसके विषय में पर बोल रहा हो  तो उसे present continuous tense कहा जाता है।

Structure:

 Aff-  S+is/am/are+v4+o.

Neg- S+is/am/are +not+v4+o.

Int- Is/am/are+s+v4+o?

Int+Neg- Is/am/are +s+not+v4+o?

 I- Am

We/You/You/They- Are

He/She/It/Name- Is

 Examples:                                                           

 Aff -I am eating a mango.

Neg- I am not eating a mango.

Int-Am I eating a mango?

Int+Neg-Am I not eating a mango?

 The following verbs are not used in the present continuous tense

Examples:

• Verbs of Perception: See, hear, smell, notice, recognise e.t.c

• Verbs of appearing: Appear, seem, look e.t.c

• Verbs of emotion: Want, wish, desire, feel, like, love, hate, hope, refuse, prefer

• Verbs of thinking: Think, suppose, believe, agree, forget, know, understand, imagine e.t.c.

• Have (possession): Own, possess, belong to, contain, consist of e.t.c

 

• Recognition in English

अगर किसी sentence में Now, at present, at the moment, this …………….  (morning, evening, afternoon), continually, currently e. t..c दिखे तो उसे present continuous tense का sentence माना जाता है।

 Examples:

I am travelling now.

He is working currently.

1.3 Present Perfect Tense

(चुका है , चुकी है , चुके हैं।)

OR (या है , यी है  , ये हैं।)

जब कोई कार्य वर्तमान में तुंरत खत्म हुआ हो तो उसे present perfect  tense कहा जाता है।

Structure:

Aff- S+have/has +v3 + o.

Neg- S-have/has + not + v3 + o.

Int – Have/has + s + v3 + o?

Int + Neg – Have/has + s + not +v3 +o?

I/we/you/you/they- have

He/she/It/Name- has

Examples:

Aff- I have walked in the field.

Neg- I have not walked in the field.

Int- Have I walked in the field?

Int + neg – Have I not walked in the field?

 

• Recognition in English

 अगर किसी sentence में Ever, just, recently, already, yet, till, so far, of late, lately

 दिखे तो उसे present perfect tense का sentence माना जाता है।

 

1.4 Present perfect Continuous Tense

(से……….रहा है , से……….रही है , से………..रहे हैं।)

जो कार्य भूतकाल में शुरू होकर वर्तमान काल में भी जारी हो उसे present perfect continous tense कहा जाता है।

Structure:

Aff-  S+ have/has + been + v4 + o +since/for + time.

Neg-  S+ have/has + not +been +v4 + since/for + time.

Int – Have/has + S +been + v4 +o +since/for +time.

Int + neg – Have/has + S + not +been + V4+O+since/for + time.

Examples:

They have been living here since 2005

I have been teaching in this school since 1995.

Use of since & for 

 Since: point of time

• Examples: Since Monday, since March, since childhood, since morning e.t.c

• Name of the days:

          Since Monday, since Tuesday, since Friday e.t.c

• Name of the months

         Since August, since September, since November

• Name of the years           
• Since 1948, since 1982, since 1955

• Name of the parts of the day

          Since morning, since noon, since afternoon, since daybreak, since sunrise, since evening, since sunset, since dusk, since twilight e.t.c

• Before time

         Since 7 o’clock, since 10 o’clock.

• Before last+ noun+words

         Since yesterday, since last night, since last month, since last year e.t.c.

• Name of the seasons:

          Since spring, since autumn  e.t.c

• Name of the festivals

       Since Deepawali, since Eid e.t.c

• Name of the events.

        Since his arrival, since his departure, since his birth, since his marriage, since his death, since their quarrel

•        Before stages of life

       Since childhood, since your youth e.t.c

For – Period of time

Ex: For two hours, for a day, for a month,  for a week e.t.c

Comparison between Present Tense and Past Tense

 

2.Past Tense

2.1Simple Past Tense

(ता था , ती थी , ते थे)

(या , यी , ये)

जो कार्य भूतकाल में हुआ हो उसे simple past tense कहा जाता है।

 

Structure:

Action Formula

Aff- S +V2 +O.

Neg- S+ did +not +V1 + O.

Int – Did + S + V1 + O?

Int + Neg – Did + S + not + V1 +O?

Examples:

Aff – I won the match.

Neg – I did not win the match.

Int – Did I win the match?

Int + Neg – Did I not win the match?

Non- Action Formula

S+ was/were + Noun/Adj.

Examples:  He was a student.

• Recognition in English

 

अगर किसी sentence में Yesterday, ago, last month/year/day/week दिखे तो उसे simple past tense का sentence माना जाता है।

2.2 Past continuous Tense

(रहा था , रही थी , रहे थे।)

जो कार्य भूतकाल में जारी था उसे past continous  tense कहा जाता है।

Structure:

Aff- S + was /were + V4 + O.

Neg – S + was / were +not +V4 + O.

Int –  Was/were + S + V4 + O?

Int + Neg – Was/ were +  S + not + V4 + O?

Examples:

Aff –  I was running in the field.

Neg  – I was not running in the field.

Int – Was  I running in the field?

Int + Neg –  Was I not running in the field?     

I/ He /She /It /Name – Was

We/you/you/ They – Were

• Recognition in English

 अगर किसी sentence में While, still, at that moment, then दिखे तो उसे past continuous tense का sentence माना जाता है।

2.3 Past Perfect Tense

(चुका था  , चुकी थी  , चुके थे)

(या था, यी थी, ये थे )

जो कार्य भूतकाल में किसी समय पर खत्म हुए हों  उसे  past perfect  tense कहा जाता है।

Structure:

Aff – S + had + V3 + O.

Neg – S + had + not  + V3 +O.

Int-  Had + S + V3 + O?

Int + Neg – Had + S + not + V3 + O?

Examples:

Aff – I had danced on the stage.

Neg _ I had not danced on the stage.

Int – Had I danced on the stage?

Int + Neg – Had I not danced on the stage?

To denote double action.

First Work: S + had + V3 + O.

         Before / when

Second Work: S + V2 + O.

Examples: The patient had died before the doctor came.

                      The children had slept when I returned home.

 

  2.4 Past Perfect Continuous Tense

(से  रहा था  , से रही थी  , से रहे थे)

जो कार्य भूतकाल में शुरू हुए हों और भूतकाल में ही जारी हो उसे past perfect continuous  tense कहा जाता है।

 Structure:

Aff-  S+ had + been + v4 + o +since/for + time.

Neg-  S+ had + not +been +v4 + o +  since/for + time.

Int – Had + S +been + v4 +o +since/for +time?

Int + neg – Had + S + not +been + since/for + time?

Examples:

They had been living here since 2005.

I had been teaching in this school since 1995.

3.Future Tense

3.1 Simple Future Tense

(गा , गे , गी )

           जो कार्य भविष्य में होने वाला है उसे simple future  tense कहा जाता है।

Structure:

Action Formula

 Aff – S +shall/will +V1 + O.                                    

Neg- S +shall/will + not + V1 + O.

Int –  Shall /will + S + V1 + O?

Int + Neg _ Shall  will + S +not + V1 + O?

 Note: Future Tense के वाक्यों में promise वयक्त करने के लिए first person (I/we) के साथ will तथा second person (you/you) एवम third person (he/she/it/name/they)  के साथ shall का प्रयोग किया जाता है। 

 Note 2: Modern Spoken English में first person, second person, and third-person के साथ केवल will का ही प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Note 3:    Shall not – Shan’t

                  Will not – Won’t

Examples:

Aff –  I shall cook food.

Neg- I shall not cook food.

Int –  Shall I cook food?

Int + Neg – Shall I not cook food?

 

Non- Action Formula

S+ shall/will +be +Noun/Adj.

Examples: He will be a doctor.

• Recognition in English

अगर किसी sentence में In a few …………….. (minutes, days, months, weeks e.t.c ), By next ………… (week, tomorrow, two o’clock), soon, shortly, tonight e.t.c दिखे तो उसे simple future tense का sentence माना जाता है।

3.2 Future Continuous Tense

(रहा होगा , रही होगी , रहे होंगे)

जो कार्य भविष्य में कुछ समय के लिए जारी रहेंगें उसे future continuous tense कहा जाता है।

Structure:

Aff-  S+shall/will+be +v4+o.

Neg- S+shall/will+ not +be +v4+o.

Int- Shall/will +s+be +v4+o?

Int+Neg- Shall/will +S+ not+ be +v4+o?

Examples:

Aff -I shall be eating a mango.

Neg- I shall not be eating a mango.

Int-Shall I be eating a mango?

Int+Neg-Shall  I was not eating a mango?

3.3 Future Perfect Tense

(चुका होगा , चुकी होगी , चुके होंगे)

जो कार्य भविष्य में किसी निश्चित समय पर  समाप्त हो जायेंगें  उसे future perfect tense कहा जाता है।

Structure:

Aff- S+ shall/will +have+v3 + O.

Neg- S+ shall/will +not +have + V3 + O.

Int – Shall/will + S + not + have + V3+ O?

Int + Neg – Shall/ will + S + not +have +V3 +O ?

Examples:

Aff- I shall have walked in the field.

Neg- I shall not have walked in the field.

Int- Shall I have walked in the field?

Int +neg – Shall I not have walked in the field?

 

3.4 Future Perfect Continuous Tense

(हुआ रहेगा , हुई रहेगी , हुए रहेंगे)

जो कार्य भविष्य में शुरू होकर भविष्य में किसी निश्चित समय तक जारी रहेंगें  उसे  future perfect continous tense कहा जाता है।

Structure:

Aff-  S+ shall/will +have + been + v4 + o +from/for + time.

Neg-  S+ shall/will + not +have +been +v4 + from/for + time.

Int – Shall/will + S +have +been + v4 +o +from/for +time?

Int + neg – Shall/will + S + not +have +been +V4 + O + from/for + time?

Examples: I shall have been dancing for two hours.

Frequent Asked Questions (FAQs)

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Read More…

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(Click Here) Number: Basic to Advanced

(Click Here) Voice: Active to Passive

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(Click Here) Case and Its Types

(Click Here) Articles: a, an  and the

(Click Here) Some Basic Concept in Grammar

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